B.Sc.Ag. (Hons) Part-IV
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Decision-making
Decision-making is an integral part of modern
management. Essentially, Rational or sound decision making is taken as
primary function of management. Every manager takes hundreds and hundreds of decisions
subconsciously or consciously making it as the key component in the role of a manager.
Decisions play important roles as they
determine both organizational and managerial
activities. A decision can be defined as a course of action purposely chosen
from a set of alternatives to achieve organizational objectives or goals.
Decision making process is continuous and indispensable
component of managing any organization or business activities. Decisions are made
to sustain the activities of all business activities and organizational
functioning.
Decisions are made at every level of management
to ensure organizational or business goals are achieved. Further, the
decisions make up one of core functional values that every organization adopts and
implements to ensure optimum growth and drivability in terms of services and or
products offered.
Technique/Steps of decision making
There are no universally accepted technique of
decision making except that the problem should be carefully analyzed,
studied and investigated before taking a decision on it. In fact, decision
making is a practical experience and can be learnt actually taking to it.
One cannot learn music by reading literature or music alone. He has to
take to practice on the instruments before he/she is able to produce the
melodious notes. Similarly the techniques of decision making cannot be learnt
by reading literature on the subject alone; It has to be practiced. Terry
lays down the following sequence of step to facilitate decision
making:
1) Acquire general background information and
different viewpoints about the problem. 2) State what appears to be the best
course of action.
3) Investigate the proposition and tentative)
decision.
4) Evaluate the tentative decision.
5) Make the decision and put it into
effect.
6) Institute follow up and if necessary modified
decision in the light of results obtained.
7) Determine problems.
Griffiths observes that decision are totally
pragmatic in nature that is their value is dependent upon the
success of the action which follows. A decision brilliantly conceived maybe worthless
without effective implementation.
✡ In the 1980s, psychologist Leon Mann and colleagues
developed a decision-making process called GOFER. GOFER is an acronym for
five decision-making steps:
1. Goals: Survey values and objectives.
2. Options: Consider a wide range of alternative
actions.
3. Facts: Search for information.
4. Effects: Weigh the positive and negative consequences of
the options.
5. Review: Plan how to implement the options.
✡ In 2008,
Kristina Guo published the DECIDE model of decision-making, which has six
parts:
1. Define the problem.
2. Establish or enumerate all the criteria (constraints).
3. Consider or Collect all the alternatives.
4. Identify the best alternative.
5. Develop and implement a plan of action.
6. Evaluate and monitor the solution and examine feedback when
necessary.
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