B.Sc.Ag. (Hons) Part-I Agronomy
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| Definition of Crop and agricultural classification of crops based upon utilization.https://cststudy.blogspot.com/ |
Crop
A crop is an organism deliberately grown with proper care
and management and harvested for obtaining yield. As for example, cultivated
plants, poultry, cattle, fishes, shrimp, honey bee, silk worm, lac insect etc.
Crop plants refer to those plants which are intentionally
grown by men with proper care with a view to fulfilling the requirement of
certain needs like food, feed, cloth, oil, timber, shelter etc. Thus men are
directly or indirectly benefited by growing crops.
Generally, agronomic crops are grown together collectively
and harvested in bulk. They are also known as field crop.
Classification of
crop
Classification is an acceptable product of scientific
studies and is obviously based on well-defined characteristics or concepts that
separate one group from another.
a. The
agrarian/agricultural classification of crops based upon utilization is given
below:
i. Cereal: Ceres
(a Roman word) was the name of a Roman goddess who was the 'giver of grain'.
Cereals are the cultivated grasses grown for their edible starchy grains (one
seeded fruit known as caryopsis). In general, the larger grains used as staple
food are cereals such as rice, wheat, maize, barley, sorghum. Millets are the
small grained cereals which are of minor importance as food and they have a
single cover (due to fusion of testa to the pericarp) such as bajri. Millets
are also used as staple food in drier regions of the developing countries.
ii. Oil seed:
Crop seeds that are rich in fatty acids, are used to extract vegetable oil to
meet various requirements, for instance mustard, rape, sesame, sunflower,
safflower, castor, linseed, groundnut, soybean.
iii. Pulse: Seeds
of leguminous crop plants used as food. On splitting, they produce dal which
are rich in protein such as green gram, black gram, pea, cowpea, pigeonpea,
soybean, lentil.
iv. Feed and forage
crops: It refers to crops used as feed for animals. It includes crops like
berseem, cow-pea, field bean, guinea grass, lucerne, maize, napier, oats, para
grass, sudan grass, turnips and velvet bean and hay, silage and fodder obtained
form the said crops.
v. Fibre crop:
Crop plants that are grown for fibre yield. Fibre is obtained from crops, such
as cotton, jute, mesta, roselle, sunnhemp and flax;
vi. Sugar crop:
Crop grown for the production of sugar are sugarcane and sugar beet.
vii. Spices and
condiments: Crop plants or their products are used to season, flavour,
taste and add zest and sometimes colour the fresh or preserved food; for
instance ginger, garlic, fenugreek, cumin, turmeric, chilli, onion, coriander.
viii. Drug crop:
Crop that is used for the preparation of medicines, for instance tobacco, mint.
ix. Narcotics,
fumitories and masticatories: Crop plants or their products that are used
for stimulating, numbing, drowsing or relishing effects such as tobacco, ganja,
opium, poppy, anise.
x. Beverage:
Products of crops used for mild, agreeable and stimulating liquors meant for
drinking such as tea, coffee and cocoa.
xi. Fruit crop:
Jack fruit, mango, pine apple, banana etc are major fruit crops of the country.
xii. Special purpose
crop/ industrial crop: Mulberry is the main industrial crop of the country
grown only for silk worm and silk production.
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