Mango Hopper, Mango Defoliator, Banana Leaf and Fruit beetle, Citrus Caterpillar/ Lemon Butterfly, Rhinoceros Beetle of Coconut

Mango  Hopper.https://cststudy.blogspot.com/

Mango  Hopper

1. Idocerus alkinsoni.
2. I. niveosparus.
3. I. clypealis.
Family : Cicadellidae.
Order : Hemiptera.

Nature of Damage

3 species of hopper causes serious damage to the inflorescence. Heavy laying on inflorescence causes  dropping and withering of the fruits. Both nymphs and adult suck juice from the flowers, resulting shedding  and withering of the flowers. In case of severe attack, honey dew secreted by the hoppers over the  inflorescence and leaves, giving rise to development. Shoote mold which hinders the setting of fruits. Lose  due to hoppers varies from 25­-60%.

Life Cycle
1. The insect appear in large number during November to February as soon the flowers buds beginning to  form.
2. Female are lays egg on leaves flower stick and buds etc. Eggs are laid singly or batch. A female lays on average 200 eggs.
3. The egg hatch in 4­-7 days in winter and 2­-13 days in summer.
4. There are two generations of the pest from November to August.

Control Measure

Non-chemical:
 After harvesting of fruits, unnecessary branch should be removed.

Chemical:
 Spraying Ripcord/ Symbush 10 EC/ Desis 2.5 EC @ 250­300 ml in 252 litre water/acre.
 Spraying Roxion/ Dithane M/ Tafga 40 EC @ 454 ml in 225 litre water/acre.

Mango  Defoliator

Scientific name : Cricula trifenstrata.
Family : Saturniidae.
Order : Lepidoptera.
It is generally known as mango leaf cutting caterpillar causing defoliation.

Nature of Damage

Caterpillar eat all parts of the leaves, living only the mid ribs. Partial or complete defoliation of the host  plant occur. This hampers, the growth of the host plant and retards the formation of flower and hence of  fruits life cycle. It is a sporadic pest and does not occur every year.

Life History
1. Female moth lays egg in longitudinal rows along the dorsal margin of the leaves. A single female lays  89-­253 eggs with an average of 83.
2. Egg hatch in 9 days and young caterpillar start feeding on leaves.
3. There are 5 larval instance. Total larvae last or stay 24-29 days. Mature and full feed caterpillar spin.
4. Its cocoon usually in cluster of leaves mid ribs and changes into pupa stages last for 2­-3 days. pupal  period last for 20­-24 days.
5. Emergence of the adult from the cocoon is facilitated by the softening fluid applied by the moth to the  anterior end of the cocoon.
6. Female moth are larger than male and dark brown in colour. Moth are nocturnal and feeds.
7. There are 5 generation of the pest in a year.

Control measure

Non-chemical:

 Cocoon should be collected and burn or duct into the soil.  Leaves containing egg mass or newly hatched larvae should be collected and destroy.

chemical:
 Spray with nogos/ aerovapona @ 400­-500 ml with 225 L/acre.
 Spraying with Diazinon/ sevin/ diginol 600 EC @ 680 ml/acre.
 Spraying with Sumithion/ Edfen/ Fenitox 50 EC @ 454 ml/acre.

Banana  Leaf  and  Fruit  beetle

Scientific name : Notostoma viridipennis.
Family : Eumolpidae.
Order : Coleoptera.

The pest causes best damage to Amritosagor banana and also Sabri and other varieties.

Nature of Damage

The beetle usually feed on the ventral part of the leaves. The green portion of the leaf are eaten up in  irregular patches with the growth of the leaf are own's dried up resulting unhealthy grown up. When the  young branches emergence from the developing spathes, the beetles feeds on young fruits in irregular  patches. With growth of the fruits, the small scars assume bigger shapes proportionally. The scars fruit have  a low market value.

Life Cycle

1. Female lays egg in masses of 50­-60 margin of the leaf.
2. In the fold of the dried leaves, egg hatched in 5­9 days. The crubs feed on the root of banana plant. 3. After 3­4 weeks, they began to move down word and pupate in the soil near the surface.
4. Pupal period takes for 8­-10 days. After emerge, beetle attack young leaves and fruit when it is available.

Control Measure

Non-chemical:
 Crop rotation is to be followed.
 Banana garden should be kept clean.

Chemical:
 Diazinon/ Sevin/ Diginol 60 EC @ 300­-400 ml mixed with 225 litre of water/acre are sprayed.
 Spraying with Sumithion/ Fenitox 50 EC @ 300­-400 ml in 225 litre of water/acre.
 Carbaril 85 WP @ 300­-400 g with 225 litre of water/acre are sprayed. 2 spray on leaves at 15 days  interval.

Citrus  Caterpillar/ Lemon  Butterfly

Scientific name : Papilio demolens.
Family : Papilionidae.
Order : Lepidoptera.

It is a serious pest of all citrus plant especially lemon.

Nature of Damage

Caterpillar causes damage by feeding on leaves. Young caterpillar feed on young leaves and terminal shoots.  They start feeding from the margin and reached to mid rib. Sometime, the entire plant may defoliated.  Heavily, infected plant bear no fruits.

Life Cycle

1. Female butterfly lays 75­-120 eggs singly on the surface of the leaves and young shoots.
2. Egg hatched 3-­4 days in summer and 5­-8 days in winter.
3. Larval period 2-­3 weeks.
4. Pupal period about 8­-10 days.
5. There are 3-­4 generation of pest in a year. They are found very much active in September.

Control Measure

Non-chemical:

 Collection of leaves containing eggs mass and nearly hatched caterpillar destroying it.

Chemical:

 Spraying with Diazinon/ Sevin/ Diginol @ 300-­400 ml in 225 litre of water.
 Spraying with Malathion/ Maladon 57 EC @ 400­500 ml in 225 litre of water.

Rhinoceros  Beetle  of  Coconut

Scientific Name : Oryctes rhinoceros.
Order : Coleoptera.
Family : Dynastidae.

It is most serious pest of coconut trees and is most wide spread and persistent in all coconut growing areas of  Bangladesh.

Nature of Damage 

The adult beetle cause severe damage to the coconut palms. They live in crevices between the leaf sheath  near the crown and burrows into the soften portion. They cut across the leaves and resulting the apical leaves  occur withering. The adult beetle enter into the plant body and feed on soften tissues. The wounds also  provide the entry of  harm bacteria, fungus etc. Finally, the plant look very unhealthy.

Life Cycle

1. The female can lay up to 50 eggs at one time. 
2. After the reproduction, the eggs stay in incubation for 3­-4 months before hatching.
3. The eggs usually take 3­-4 weeks to hatch into larvae. When the eggs hatch, the rhinoceros beetles are in  their larvae or grub stage.
4. The larval process is slow for rhinoceros beetles. Rhinoceros beetles spend most of their life cycle as  larvae. This stage of the beetle's life can last between 6 months ­ 2 years.
5. After the larval stage, it enters into the 'pupal stage' which can take up to 9 months and usually happens  over the winter period. Once done with the pupal stage, the beetle breaks out of the shell that it is  encased in.
6. After about 1­-2 months, the pupa emerges as an adult beetle. Rhinoceros beetles usually live only 1­-2  years.

Control Measure

Non-chemical:

 The pit of Cowdung or compost should be avoid near the plants.
 The beetle should be collected and killed.
 Mustard oil cake dissolved with water and venda seed powder can be used to killed the beetle into the  infested plant and venda seed powder heating with water are also use to kill beetle.

Chemical:
 Spray with Sevin/ Sumithion @ 2 ml/ L of water.
 Spray with Dimocron @ 1.5 ml/ L of water.