Mechanical Method of Pest
Management
a) Hand picking: Insects can be hand-picked and
destroyed, if they are easily accessible to the picker, large and conspicuous
and present in large number in clusters.
E.g. 1st
and 2nd inster of jute hairy caterpillar, rice hispa etc.
b) The use
of hand nets for collecting the adult insects.
c) Beating and hooking: Knocking down the house flies with
fly-flappers & the locusts with brooms is effective. On coconut trees, the
rhinoceros beetles can be picked out of holes with the help of hooks.
d) Shaking: Shaking small trees or shrubs
particularly early in the morning in the cold season & collecting them in
open dish, containing kerosenized water.
c) Sieving and Winnowing: These are commonly practiced against
insect pest of stored grain. A no. of them are removed with this operation.
f) Mechanical exclusion: It is the device by which insects arc
physically prevented from reaching crops and province.
1. Screening the, windows, doors & ventilator’s
of house to keep away house flies, mosquitoes, bugs etc.
2. Wrapping individual fruits of
pomegranate, guava and citrus paper to save them from the attack of insect
pest.
3. Placing four legs of an insect in vessels
containing water, so as to prevent the ant from ascending.
4. Scaring birds attacking fruits &
grow crops by creating noisy sound.
g) The use of mechanical trap: Cricket trap, house fly trap, light
trap for collecting
&
killing various types of insect pest.
Physical method
a) Application of heat- super heating empty godawn to a
temperature about
10-12 hours will
kill the hibernating stored grain insect pests.
b) Application of refrigeration- At 5-10oC of all eatables including
dry fruits will kill the insects.
c) Manipulation of moisture- By raising or lowering the moisture
content of and other materials; unfavourable conditions are created for insect
pest.
1. By
draining away stagnant water mosquitoes breeding there in are killed.
2. Reducing
the moisture content of grains below 8% would save them the insect pest.
3. By
soaking the logs in water over extended period (15 days) bring insects are
drowned.
Biological method
Biological
control plays an important role in insect pest control programme. The principal
methods employed in Biological control include-
a) Collecting parasites and predators
from the places of their origin and releasing them in places where they are
absent.
b) Collecting and staring the host insect
in such a way so as to kill them but permitting the parasites to escape.
c) Rearing a great no. of parasite &
predators under favourable condition releasing them whenever needed.
d) Importing parasites, predators or
disease producing organisms from the foreign countries.
E.g.
controlling of cottony cushion of scale insect in citrus by lady bird beetle.
Parasites
and predators where are to be diploid for efficient biological control must have
the ability to outnumber the host by their high reproductive rates, greater percentage
females, short life cycle, the ability to locate the host. It should be specific
in habit and exhibit minimum super parasitism.
Some
vertebrates (todpoles, frogs, toads, snalees), protozoa, arthropods (spiders,
mites, insects), micro-organisms (fungus, bacteria, viruses) act as agents of biological
control. So, far 110 pests in 60 countries of the world have been controlled by
using biological methods.
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