Disease of Betel Vine, Anthracnose/Leaf Spot, Foot rot/Stem rot/Collar rot, Root rot and Fruit Rot of Betel nut
Disease of Betel Vine
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| Anthracnose/Leaf Spot of betel vine. https://cststudy.blogspot.com |
Anthracnose/Leaf Spot
Causal organism: Colletotrichum piperis.Symptoms
1. The leaves show small, black, circular spots initially which later enlarge and develop to a size of 2 cm, become concentric and covered with a yellow halo.
2. The affected leaves turn pale yellow and dry up with large black dots in the center of the spots.
3. Black, circular lesion may develop on the stem, enlarge rapidly and girdle the stem resulting in withering and drying.
Favourable condition
In high humidity, it spread rapidly.
Control Measures
♦ Collect and destroy the infected leaves.
♦ Cultivate resistant varieties. e.g. BARI pan1, BARI pan2.
♦ Spray with 0.2% Ziram or 0.5% Bordeaux mixture after plucking the leaves.
♦ Spraying Tilt 250 EC @ 0.5 mL/L of water at 23 times in 10 days interval.
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| Foot rot/Stem rot/Collar rot. https://cststudy.blogspot.com |
Foot rot/Stem rot/Collar rot
Causal organism: Sclerotium rolfsii.Symptoms
1. The vines of all stages are susceptible to the disease.
2. The infection usually starts at the collar region.
3. Whitish cottony mycelium is seen on the stem and roots.
4. Brown coloured mustard like sclerotia are seen on the infected stem and soil near the vines.
5. The stem portion shows rotting of tissues at the plant of attack and the plant shows dropping of the leaves and withering finally dry up.
Favourable condition
▲ High temperature of 28-30 C.
▲ Organic fertilizer rich soil and plant debris are favour for disease.
Control Measures
♦ Remove the affected vines with the roots and burned.
♦ Apply more of soil amendments like neem cake, mustard cake.
♦ Apply Trichoderma compost fertilizer @ 5g/plant.
♦ Treated vine with Provex/Bavistin @ 2g/L of water before planting.
♦ Drench the soil with 0.1% carbendazim.
♦ After found the disease, spraying Provex/Bavistin @ 2g/L of water on foot of plant near the soil.
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| Root rot of betel vine. https://cststudy.blogspot.com |
Root rot
Causal organism: Rhizoctonia solani.Symptoms
1. Leaf pale at primary stage of infection.
2. Then leaf become discolouration and die. 3. In this time, root shows red colour and splitted into small portion.
Control Measures: Same as foot rot.
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| Fruit Rot of Betel nut . https://cststudy.blogspot.com |
Fruit Rot of Betel nut
Causal organism: Phytophthora palmivora.Symptoms
1. The first symptoms are watersoaked lesions on the nut surface near the calyx.
2. The patches enlarge and nuts darken and are shed in large numbers. A fallen nut is soon covered by a whitish mycelial mass.
3. Fruit stalks and rachis of inflorescence are also affected. Very often the top of the affected trees dries up resulting in withering of leaves and bunches.
Control Measures
1. Clean cultivation.
2. Destruction of affected trees.
3. Collection and burning of fallen nuts.
4. Spray Bordeaux mixture 1% on all bunches twice an year once before the onset of monsoon and another 40 days later.
5. Spraying Macuprax @ 1.5 % solution at 34 times after 15-30 days interval.
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